Diabetic retinopathy 

Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes affecting the retina. Excess sugar weakens the small blood vessels, leading to microhemorrhages, fluid leaks (diabetic macular oedema) or a proliferation of abnormal vessels (neovessels). It can remain silent for a long time before causing visual impairment or even blindness.

Treatment depends on the stage:

• Laser photocoagulation destroys diseased areas and limits proliferation.
• Intravitreal injections (anti-VEGF or corticosteroids) reduce macular edema and stabilize vision. Regular check-ups and good diabetes management are essential to prevent progression.